The main function of the fan is to transfer the mechanical energy coming from the engine through the shaft to the fluid passing through it and to provide a certain pressure and flow to the liquid or gas.

Considering the variety of raw materials used in production, it is essential to transfer liquids with very different properties. As these liquids and their properties change, the type of fan used in the pump must also change. For example, the fans of a mud pump, an irrigation pump and a wastewater pump used in a mine must be different from each other. Each fan type has certain advantages and disadvantages depending on its intended use.

Open Fan

As seen in the figure, the open fan is a type of fan that consists of blades coming at an angle from a certain center and has no restrictions at the front and a semi-opening at the back. It is generally used to transfer wastewater containing solid particles or fluids containing food made of stainless material.

Since its solid part permeability is high, it is ideal for processes with a risk of clogging. However, since the fluid is not compressed by the fan, pump efficiency is unfortunately low.

Close Fan

Close Fan, It is closed on both the front and back surfaces in order to fully pressurize the fluid. In this way, the fluid entering the fan is compressed by the front and rear covers, and with the rotation movement of the fan, energy flow directly from the blades to the fluid. It is used in many applications and is the main type of fan used unless there is a special situation. Although it is possible to use different types of fluids by enlarging the fan or changing the blade opening, there is a risk of clogging when there are particles in the fluid and cleaning is very difficult.

Half Open Fan

This fan type is actually the type where the back side of the open fan we mentioned above is completely closed. In other words, while the rear surface of the fan prevents the escape of fluid, there is no restriction on the front. Semi-open fan is preferred in fluids where solid particles may occasionally occur but are smaller in size and less frequent. Although it is more efficient than the open fan, it is not possible to reach the efficiency of the closed fan.

These three fan groups we mentioned constitute the basic structure and logic. Apart from these, there are a wide variety of fan types developed by manufacturers according to the processes they specialize in, some examples of which are as follows. The important point at this point is to determine the type of fan that is most suitable for the process to be used.

Source: KSB Global

Pompalarda Fan Tipleri yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

In three-phase asynchronous motors, after the stator windings are completed, six terminals are usually attached to the terminal board for mains connection outside the motor. These are the winding input and output ends. It is possible to start (i.e. start up) the motors in different ways depending on the connection types of these terminals.

Direct Start (Direct Online DOL) 

As the name suggests, this method is to connect the motor directly to the mains. Although it is the fastest and easiest method, it has some problems. Motors draw 7-10 times more current from the mains when starting with DOL. This may not be a problem in small motors (<5.5 kW), but in larger motors it may cause mains faults, power losses and voltage imbalances.

Yıldız-üçgen Yol Verme

The main purpose of this type of starting is to prevent the inrush current we mentioned above. The motor is operated in star connection during start-up, thus providing initial movement with a lower current. Once the engine is started, it immediately switches to the normal connection, which is the delta connection. The most important points in this connection are the operating time in star connection and the transition time from star connection to delta connection.

In star connection, the voltage falling on the motor windings decreases to V/√3 and the current decreases to 1/3. If the engine switches to delta connection before it reaches its full speed, it starts as DOL and a starting current occurs, as we mentioned above. On the other hand, since the current and voltage are low in the star connection, the torque of the motor is also low. Therefore, this starting type cannot be applied to motors that are already under load. However, if the triangle connection is not switched on even though the engine is revving, the engine will not be able to lift the connected load. In this connection type, star-delta transition is very important and this transition must be sudden.   

Starting Using Soft Starter (Softstarter)

Softstarters slowly gradually increase the voltage applied to the motor. Therefore, it prevents a sudden load on the motor and inrush current. The use of a soft starter extends the life of equipment and system components as it does not transmit stress to both the motor and the electrical system.   

Motor Bağlantı Çeşitleri yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Ball valves are reliable and robust. They can perform their duties safely even if they remain in the same position for a long time. It also allows frequent changes of spindle position. However, their intended use is generally fully open and fully closed. Fluid controls are not good except for fully open or fully closed positions. Therefore, their use as a regulating valve is not recommended.

Ball valves can be produced by many brands at temperatures up to 1000 bar and 400 °C, in various material structures such as metal, plastic and ceramic. However, when ball valves are used for adjustment, the fluid often gets stuck between the body and the ball. This water accumulated in cold weather expands in the ball and valve body, causing cracks or damage in the valve. This is a significant disadvantage. If a ball valve is to be used in environments where the air temperature drops below 0 °C, a cold-resistant (freeze proof type) valve must be used.

A vent is provided on the upstream side of the valve for cryogenic fluids or products that may expand inside the ball.

One of the most critical problems in the use of ball valves is pollution. Especially when the valves are used in drinking water or food factories, the water accumulated between the valve body and the ball causes bacteria formation or mixing during the use of different fluids. This situation harms firstly human health and then the quality of production. To prevent this accumulation, the gaps created by the ball with the body are closed by extending the surfaces on which the ball sits.

This type of valves are called "Cavity Filler Ball Valve" without a gap, and the seals and valve materials used in food or drinking water applications must be suitable for food and human health.

Küresel Vana yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Therefore, parts in contact with the fluid are made of corrosion-resistant metallic and non-metallic materials or are protected by durable rubber, plastic or enamel coatings.

In this pump, the body is coated with plastic to protect it from the corrosive effects of the fluid.

It is possible to use both single and double mechanical seals in chemical pumps. In some cases, a thermosiphon system independent of the pump is used to pressurize the seal area or perform external flushing. As we mentioned above, the fluids pumped by chemical pumps are generally valuable, explosive or harmful to the environment and human health. For this reason, the issue of shaft seal – sealing is very important. If zero leakage is desired, switch to canned motor pump or magnetic coupling pump.

Magnetic coupling pumps are closed to the outside except for the suction and discharge flanges. The shaft provides rotation movement with the magnetic field force. For this reason, it is often preferred in cases where zero leakage is desired.

Chemical pumps are generally designed as single-stage and rarely as two-stage. They are generally not self-priming pumps. For pump selection, it is important that the pump has as low an NPSH value as possible. To meet special operating conditions, design variants with heatable bodies, coolable bearing housings and external systems to support the pump from the outside (thermosyphon system or heating-cooling jacket, etc.) are used.

Source: KSB Global

Kimyasal Pompa yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

KSB Hot Oil Pumps, respectively, Etanorm-SYT(ETNY), Etaline-SYT, Etabloc-SYT, Etanorm RSY

Since the temperature is very high in these pumps, there must be a special air-cooled area between the pump body and the seal. Thanks to this area, the temperature of the fluid reaching the seal area drops significantly, allowing the use of standard bearings and less costly seals.

Since there is a risk of burns and fire in cases of maintenance / malfunction in hot oil pumps, safety precautions must be taken for both the team that will intervene in the pump and the environmental environment. Additionally, if fluids at such high temperatures leak from the pump, there is a risk of fire in the facility. Therefore, the use of external leak detection / prevention devices in these pumps is extremely important.

Source: KSB Global

Kızgın Yağ Pompası yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

The most important point in hygienic pumps is surface smoothness. Although old literature accepts the surface roughness value of 3.2 μm as the beginning of the hygienic standard, today 0.8 μm or even 0.4 μm is a much more appropriate and accepted value.

The first surface you see on the side is sand mold casting, the second surface is investment casting and the last surface is the surface roughness of the drawn steel material. As can be seen, the roughness is quite high in the first two casting methods. For this reason, drawn steel material is used in the production of hygienic pumps. These irregularities on the material surface are small enough not to cause any significant technical problems in standard processes. However, they are quite large areas for a bacteria to settle and multiply.

Another feature of hygienic pumps and equipment is that they can be cleaned quickly and drained easily. Cleaning is generally done in two ways, “Clean in Place, CIP” or “Clean Out of Place,COP”. Since COP is a very laborious and time-consuming method, it is not preferred unless necessary. However, its basic logic is to disassemble all or part of the equipment, clean it in another area and reassemble it. CIP, on the other hand, requires installing an additional system at the beginning of the production setup, but once the system is installed, cleaning occurs very easily and quickly. In CIP, cleaning chemicals are passed through the same lines and equipment as food through hygienic pumps, CIP pumps are generally used here. Then, the rinsing process takes place along the same path and the cleaning is completed.

GEA Hilge HYGIA

Hijyenik Pompa yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

The booster system consists of equipment such as pump-motor (may be one or more depending on the pressure requirement), control panel, valves, manometers, expansion tank. In other words, the hydrophore is not a single pump-motor but a system where many equipment work together. 

KSB Hydrophore Set

Vertical shaft centrifugal pumps are generally used in hydrophores. However, due to their structure, these pumps are not suitable for continuous operation or operating at very small flow rates. For this reason, the main task of the pumps in the booster is to pump water into the membrane inside the expansion tank. Although there are different types of hydrophores, the most commonly used type is the hydrophores with membrane expansion tanks. The structure of these expansion tanks is as follows.

The expansion tank consists of two parts separated by a membrane. There is compressed air on one side and water on the other. The pressure loss in the system is detected by the sensor and the line is opened and the water compressed by the compressed air is sent to the system. However, as the amount of water in the tank decreases, the pressure in the tank decreases as the volume of the gas increases. When this pressure reaches a certain pre-specified level, the pump works and fills the tank with water. As the water increases, the gas will begin to compress again, so the pressure inside the tank increases, and when it reaches the previously specified level, the pump stops working. In this way, in case of small flow needs, the pump does not work and the needs of the system are met.

HOW TO SELECT A BOOSTER

In choosing a hydrophore, it is necessary to determine the flow rate and pressure, just like the pump. If we take an apartment building used for residential purposes as a basis, the flow calculation is as follows.

Q = A x T x B x f (litre/hour)
Q: Flow rate (litre/hour)
A: Number of families or apartments: A
T: Daily water consumption of the individual: T = 100 – 150 liters / day
B: Average number of individuals for the family: B = 4 – 5
f: Simultaneous Water usage factor 

The simultaneous water use factor is used to plan how many people will need water at the same time. The calculation can be based on the table below. 

For the pressure head

Hm = ( A x B x C ) + HÖZEL + HAKMA (mSS)
Hm: Basma yüksekliği (mss)
A: Kat yüksekliği ( Evsel uygulamalar için genellikle 2,8 metre – 3 metre arası )
B: Kat sayısı
C: Emniyet katsayısı (Yeni binalar için C=1,20 , eski binalar için C=1,30 )
HÖZEL: Özel ekipmanlar için gerekli olan basınç (Tablodan )
HAKMA: Kullanım yeri basıncı ( HAKMA = 15 mSS )

Hidrofor Nedir yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Globe valves are suitable for use as regulating valves and their working principle perpendicular to the fluid provides ease of use in lines with high pressure.

The basic parts of globe valves Hendwell are body, disc and cover. 

In globe valves, friction losses are high because the fluid changes direction within the valve. Additionally, although they are suitable for use as a regulating valve, when left at intermediate levels the disc is constantly exposed to fluid load, leading to wear and tear.

Source: KSB Global

Globe Vana yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Prominent Dosing Pumps

Dosing pumps can generally dose various chemicals to cause chemical reactions in systems or water for the same purpose. At this point, in order to get the desired result, a very precise and specific volume of liquid must be transferred. Dosing pumps can transfer liquid volumes with very high precision, and thanks to these features, they are frequently preferred for such applications.

Dosing pumps are positive displacement pumps and perform the dosing function with a piston or diaphragm. As the piston retracts, the discharge line closes and suctions into the pump housing. Then, by pushing the piston back into the housing, the discharge line is opened and the liquid is dosed.

Adjusting the dosage amount varies depending on the type of dosing pumps. In solenoid and diaphragm type dosing pumps, the stroke, that is, the number of movements of the diaphragm, is adjusted, while in Peristaltic pumps, the dosage amount is determined by adjusting the engine speed. Dosing pumps can be produced in many different structures, from stainless materials to plastic. At this point, it is important to choose the right type and material of pump according to the fluid and process to be dosed.   

Source: Prominent

Dozaj Pompası yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.

Typical applications are food processing, construction, pulp and paper, sugar and metal industries (e.g. metal electrolysis) as well as mining and water extraction (e.g. cooling water, seawater desalination) industries. A distinction is made between urban and industrial sewage pumps because the requirements differ significantly. Urban wastewater pumps, also called sewage pumps, pump raw sewage, mechanically treated wastewater from treatment tanks, sludge (e.g. activated, raw, digestate and reactivated sludge) and rainwater.

Industrial wastewater pumps pump a wide variety of fluids. These fluids may be domestic wastewater or may contain chemical or industrial wastes mixed with production residues. These fluids can sometimes be quite aggressive or corrosive. The pump casing can therefore be equipped with casing wear rings or wear plates that are made of particularly wear-resistant materials and can be easily replaced.

While wastewater pumps can be horizontal or vertical shafts, submersible pumps that operate completely in the fluid are often preferred. While KSB's Sewatec model is an open impeller dry-running pump that can be preferred as an above-ground wastewater pump, the Amarex KRT model is a submersible wastewater pump that works entirely in liquid.

Source: KSB Global

Atık Su Pompası yazısı ilk önce Bluetec Endüstri üzerinde ortaya çıktı.